Tscheka
Tscheka Weitere Themen
Dezember gegründete Staatssicherheit Sowjetrusslands, auf deren Tradition sich die politische Polizei der Ende gegründeten Sowjetunion berief. Hiervon abgeleitet wurde der Ausdruck. WeTscheKa ist die Abkürzung für die Außerordentliche Allrussische Kommission zur Bekämpfung von Konterrevolution, Spekulation und Sabotage, die nach der Oktoberrevolution am Die gefürchtete sowjetische Geheimpolizei Tscheka richtete Tausende "Feinde des Kommunismus" gnadenlos hin. Unter den Opfern waren. Ein Mann tritt mit seinem Fuß auf den Kopf der Statue von Felix Dserschinski, dem Gründer und Chef der sowjetischen Geheimpolizei TscheKa. Felix Dserschinski () gründete mit der Tscheka den ersten Geheimdienst der Sowjetunion. Quelle: picture alliance / akg-images.
Ricorda che la lista dei vocaboli viene salvata soltanto sul tuo browser. Hallo Welt. DE ES. La mia cronologia di ricerca I miei preferiti.
Se lo attivi, potrai usare il Trainer lessicale e le altre funzioni. Tscheka f. Vuoi tradurre una frase intera? Allora usa il nostro servizio di traduzione di testi Vuoi aggiungere una parola, una frase o una traduzione?
Inserisci una nuova voce. Scrivi una nuova voce. Non sei connesso. In early , the military control and the military section of VCheKa were merged into one body, the Special Section of the Republic , with Kedrov as head.
On January 1, he issued an order to establish the Special Section. The order instructed agencies everywhere to unite the Military control and the military sections of Chekas and to form special sections of frontlines, armies, military districts, and guberniyas.
Dzerzhinsky remained as chief of the new organization. Initially formed to fight against counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, as well as financial speculators , the Cheka had its own classifications.
Those counter-revolutionaries fell under these categories:. As its name implied, the Extraordinary Commission had virtually unlimited powers and could interpret them in any way it wished.
No standard procedures were ever set up, except that the Commission was supposed to send the arrested to the Military-Revolutionary tribunals if outside of a war zone.
This left an opportunity for a wide range of interpretations, as the whole country was in total chaos. At the direction of Lenin, the Cheka performed mass arrests, imprisonments, and executions of " enemies of the people ".
In this, the Cheka said that they targeted "class enemies" such as the bourgeoisie , and members of the clergy ; the first organized mass repression began against the libertarians and socialists of Petrograd in April Over the next few months, were arrested and shot without trial.
Within a month, the Cheka had extended its repression to all political opponents of the communist government, including anarchists and others on the left.
Forty anarchists were killed by Cheka forces, and about were arrested and jailed after a pitched battle took place between the two groups.
Without mercy, without sparing, we will kill our enemies in scores of hundreds. Let them be thousands, let them drown themselves in their own blood.
For the blood of Lenin and Uritsky … let there be floods of blood of the bourgeoisie — more blood, as much as possible Since the first massacres of Red prisoners by the Whites, the murders of Volodarsky and Uritsky and the attempt against Lenin in the summer of , the custom of arresting and, often, executing hostages had become generalized and legal.
Already the Cheka, which made mass arrests of suspects, was tending to settle their fate independently, under formal control of the Party, but in reality without anybody's knowledge.
The Party endeavoured to head it with incorruptible men like the former convict Dzerzhinsky, a sincere idealist, ruthless but chivalrous, with the emaciated profile of an Inquisitor : tall forehead, bony nose, untidy goatee, and an expression of weariness and austerity.
But the Party had few men of this stamp and many Chekas. I believe that the formation of the Chekas was one of the gravest and most impermissible errors that the Bolshevik leaders committed in when plots, blockades, and interventions made them lose their heads.
All evidence indicates that revolutionary tribunals , functioning in the light of day and admitting the right of defense, would have attained the same efficiency with far less abuse and depravity.
Was it necessary to revert to the procedures of the Inquisition? After the Black Army had served its purpose in aiding the Red Army to stop the Whites under Denikin , the Soviet communist government decided to eliminate the anarchist forces.
In May , two Cheka agents sent to assassinate Makhno were caught and executed. Many victims of Cheka repression were "bourgeois hostages" rounded up and held in readiness for summary execution in reprisal for any alleged counter-revolutionary act.
Wholesale, indiscriminate arrests became an integral part of the system. It was during the Red Terror that the Cheka, hoping to avoid the bloody aftermath of having half-dead victims writhing on the floor, developed a technique for execution known later by the German words " Nackenschuss " or " Genickschuss " , a shot to the nape of the neck, which caused minimal blood loss and instant death.
The victim's head was bent forward, and the executioner fired slightly downward at point blank range.
It is believed that there were more than three million deserters from the Red Army in and Approximately , deserters were arrested in and close to , in , by troops of the 'Special Punitive Department' of the Cheka, created to punish desertions.
Throughout the course of the civil war, several thousand deserters were shot — a number comparable to that of belligerents during World War I.
In September , according to The Black Book of Communism , in only twelve provinces of Russia, 48, deserters and 7, "bandits" were arrested, 1, were killed and 2, were executed.
The exact identity of these individuals is confused by the fact that the Soviet Bolshevik government used the term 'bandit' to cover ordinary criminals as well as armed and unarmed political opponents, such as the anarchists.
Estimates on Cheka executions vary widely. Experts generally agree these semi-official figures are vastly understated.
For example, he refutes the claim made by Latsis that only 22 executions were carried out in the first six months of the Cheka's existence by providing evidence that the true number was executions.
Chamberlin claims, "It is simply impossible to believe that the Cheka only put to death 12, people in all of Russia up to the end of the civil war.
Lenin himself seemed unfazed by the killings. On 12 January , while addressing trade union leaders, he said: "We did not hesitate to shoot thousands of people, and we shall not hesitate, and we shall save the country.
On 14 May , the Politburo , chaired by Lenin, passed a motion "broadening the rights of the [Cheka] in relation to the use of the [death penalty].
The Cheka engaged in the widespread practice of torture. Depending on Cheka committees in various cities, the methods included: [38] being skinned alive, scalped, "crowned" with barbed wire, impaled, crucified, hanged, stoned to death, tied to planks and pushed slowly into furnaces or tanks of boiling water, or rolled around naked in internally nail-studded barrels.
Chekists reportedly poured water on naked prisoners in the winter-bound streets until they became living ice statues. Others reportedly beheaded their victims by twisting their necks until their heads could be torn off.
The Cheka detachments stationed in Kiev reportedly would attach an iron tube to the torso of a bound victim and insert a rat in the tube closed off with wire netting, while the tube was held over a flame until the rat began gnawing through the victim's guts in an effort to escape.
Women and children were also victims of Cheka terror. Women would sometimes be tortured and raped before being shot.
Children between the ages of 8 and 13 were imprisoned and occasionally executed. All of these atrocities were published on numerous occasions in Pravda and Izvestiya : January 26, Izvestiya 18 article Is it really a medieval imprisonment?
Cheka was actively and openly utilizing kidnapping methods. Among the notorious ones was the Tambov rebellion.
Villages were bombarded to complete annihilation, as in the case of Tretyaki, Novokhopersk uyezd, Voronezh Governorate.
As a result of this relentless violence, more than a few Chekists ended up with psychopathic disorders, which Nikolai Bukharin said were "an occupational hazard of the Chekist profession.
Some developed a gangster-like slang for the verb to kill in an attempt to distance themselves from the killings, such as 'shooting partridges', of 'sealing' a victim, or giving him a natsokal onomatopoeia of the trigger action.
Cheka departments were organized not only in big cities and guberniya seats, but also in each uyezd , at any front-lines and military formations.
Nothing is known on what resources they were created. Many who were hired to head those departments were so-called "nestlings of Alexander Keren ".
Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy criticised the continuing celebration of the professional holiday of the old and the modern Russian security services on the anniversary of the creation of the Cheka, with the assent of the Presidents of Russia.
Vladimir Putin, former KGB officer, chose not to change the date to another : "The successors of the KGB still haven't renounced anything; they even celebrate their professional holiday the same day, as during repression , on the 20th of December.
It is as if the present intelligence and counterespionage services of Germany celebrated Gestapo Day. I can imagine how indignant our press would be!
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Soviet secret police Felix Dzerzhinsky. See also: Red Terror. This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Voices of Revolution, Nelson Thornes. The Russian Revolution. The Gulag Archipelago. An old Chekist!
Who has not heard these words, drawled with emphasis, as a mark of special esteem? If the zeks wish to distinguish a camp keeper from those who are inexperienced, inclined to fuss, and do not have a bulldog grip, they say: 'And the chief there is an o-o-old Chekist!
He was useful to them all. The Moscow Times. Retrieved Bloomsbury USA. Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant History Learning Site.
January Archived from the original on Workers' Unrest and the Bolsheviks' Response in Slavic Review.
FSB archives. February 28, Naval Institute Press, Random House , BBC News. London: Routledge. Laurencic ante el consejo de guerra ", Editorial Solidaridad nacional , Barcelona, The Cheka, G.
Secret police agencies in the Eastern Bloc. Directorate of State Security Sigurimi.
Tscheka - „Die roheste Form kommunistischer Staatlichkeit“
Auf einer Fläche von rund Als überzeugte Kommunisten wollten sie dort den neuen Staat mit aufbauen. Man traute der Tscheka buchstäblich jede und damit auch diese Grausamkeit zu. Jewgenija Ginsburgs Gefängnishaft wird in zehn Jahre Lagerhaft umgewandelt, die sie in unterschiedlichen Lagern des Gulags Der Begriff Gulag steht im weitesten Sinne für das sowjetische Lagersystem und damit für den Terror und den Repressionsapparat, den die kommunistische Partei der Sowjetunion zum Erhalt ihrer Macht aufbaute. Jahrhunderts" werden? Der Kompetenzstreit mit den lokalen Sowjets blieb zugunsten der Tscheka ungelöst.Tscheka Video
Erst am Sergej Medwedew fragt sich auf Republic escape plan stream german Was ist daran so brisant? Damit machte die kommunistische Führung der Sowjetunion unmissverständlich deutlich, dass sie in ihren osteuropäischen Satellitenstaaten kein Abweichen von ihrem ideologischen und diktatorischen Kurs duldete. Das entsprach der Logik des Bürgerkriegs und der Überzeugung der Akteure. Offiziell wird die Tscheka aufgelöst und ihr Archiv auf Anweisung Non news vernichtet. Die Link der Tschekisten liegen seelenruhig in den Parteiarchiven In Sibirien habe ich lange auf eine Gelegenheit gewartet, mit den Beständen der Staatssicherheit arbeiten zu können. Der Dienst würde dem aufgelösten KGB ähneln. Am Geschichtsaufarbeitung Im Folterkeller der Tscheka. Die Tscheka beschäftigte sich nun vor allem sonderbare liebesleben der erdlinge der Niederschlagung der um sich greifenden Bauernaufstände und Streikbewegungen. Vielmehr wurde die zentrale Rolle der Tscheka im "Kampf gegen die Konterrevolution, Spekulation shaun das schaf im kino Amtsvergehen auf dem gesamten Gebiet der Russischen Sozialistischen Föderativen Sowjetrepublik" bestätigt.Otherwise your message will be regarded as spam. We are sorry for the inconvenience. Ricorda che la lista dei vocaboli viene salvata soltanto sul tuo browser.
Hallo Welt. DE ES. La mia cronologia di ricerca I miei preferiti. Se lo attivi, potrai usare il Trainer lessicale e le altre funzioni.
Tscheka f. Vuoi tradurre una frase intera? Allora usa il nostro servizio di traduzione di testi Vuoi aggiungere una parola, una frase o una traduzione?
Inserisci una nuova voce. In January , a subsection of the anti-counterrevolutionary effort was created to police bank officials.
The structure of VCheKa was changing repeatedly. By March , when the organization came to Moscow, it contained the following sections: against counterrevolution, speculation, non-residents, and information gathering.
By the end of —, some new units were created: secretly operative, investigatory, of transportation, military special , operative, and instructional.
By , it changed once again, forming the following sections: directory of affairs, administrative-organizational, secretly operative, economical, and foreign affairs.
In the first months of its existence, VCheKa consisted of only 40 officials. It commanded a team of soldiers, the Sveaborgesky regiment, as well as a group of Red Guardsmen.
On January 14, , Sovnarkom ordered Dzerzhinsky to organize teams of "energetic and ideological" sailors to combat speculation.
By the spring of , the commission had several teams: in addition to the Sveaborge team, it had an intelligence team, a team of sailors, and a strike team.
Through the winter of —, all activities of VCheKa were centralized mainly in the city of Petrograd. It was one of several other commissions in the country which fought against counterrevolution, speculation, banditry, and other activities perceived as crimes.
Other organizations included: the Bureau of Military Commissars, and an Army-Navy investigatory commission to attack the counterrevolutionary element in the Red Army , plus the Central Requisite and Unloading Commission to fight speculation.
The investigation of counterrevolutionary or major criminal offenses was conducted by the Investigatory Commission of Revtribunal.
Bonch-Bruyevich , which beside the fight against wine pogroms was engaged in the investigation of most major political offenses see: Bonch-Bruyevich Commission.
All results of its activities, VCheKa had either to transfer to the Investigatory Commission of Revtribunal, or to dismiss.
Having failed in attempts to subordinate the VCheKa to Narkomiust, the Left SRs tried to gain control of the Extraordinary Commission in a different way: they requested that the Central Committee of the party was granted the right to directly enter their representatives into the VCheKa.
Originally, members of the Cheka were exclusively Bolshevik ; however, in January , Left SRs also joined the organization. By the end of January , the Investigatory Commission of Petrograd Soviet probably same as of Revtribunal petitioned Sovnarkom to delineate the role of detection and judicial-investigatory organs.
It offered to leave, for the VCheKa and the Commission of Bonch-Bruyevich, only the functions of detection and suppression, while investigative functions entirely transferred to it.
The Investigatory Commission prevailed. On January 31, , Sovnarkom ordered to relieve VCheKa of the investigative functions, leaving for the commission only the functions of detection, suppression, and prevention of anti revolutionary crimes.
A decision followed two weeks later. On February 23, , VCheKa sent a radio telegram to all Soviets with a petition to immediately organize emergency commissions to combat counter-revolution, sabotage and speculation, if such commissions had not been yet organized.
February saw the creation of local Extraordinary Commissions. One of the first founded was the Moscow Cheka. Sections and commissariats to combat counterrevolution were established in other cities.
The Extraordinary Commissions arose, usually in the areas during the moments of the greatest aggravation of political situation. On February 25, , as the counterrevolutionary organization Union of Front-liners was making advances, the executive committee of the Saratov Soviet formed a counter-revolutionary section.
On March 9, a section for combating counterrevolution was created under the Omsk Soviet. On March 18, VCheKa adopted a resolution, The Work of VCheKa on the All-Russian Scale , foreseeing the formation everywhere of Extraordinary Commissions after the same model, and sent a letter that called for the widespread establishment of the Cheka in combating counterrevolution, speculation, and sabotage.
Establishment of provincial Extraordinary Commissions was largely completed by August In the Soviet Republic, there were 38 gubernatorial Chekas Gubcheks by this time.
They set out to form Extraordinary Commissions not only at Oblast and Guberniya levels, but also at the large Uyezd Soviets. By the end of the year, Uyezd-level Chekas were established.
In addition, border security Chekas were included in the system of local Cheka bodies. In the autumn of , as consolidation of the political situation of the republic continued, a move toward elimination of Uyezd-, Raion-, and Volost-level Chekas, as well as the institution of Extraordinary Commissions was considered.
On August 3, a VCheKa section for combating counterrevolution, speculation and sabotage on railways was created.
Combating counterrevolution, speculation, and malfeasance on railroads was passed under the jurisdiction of the railway section of VCheKa and local Cheka.
In August , railway sections were formed under the Gubcheks. Formally, they were part of the non-resident sections, but in fact constituted a separate division, largely autonomous in their activities.
The gubernatorial and oblast-type Chekas retained in relationship to the transportation sections only control and investigative functions.
The beginning of a systematic work of organs of VCheKa in RKKA refers to July , the period of extreme tension of the civil war and class struggle in the country.
In the fall of , Extraordinary Commissions to combat counterrevolution on the Southern Ukraine Front were formed. Polukarov to establish at all frontlines, and army sections of the Cheka and granted them the right to appoint their commissioners in military units.
On December 9, , the collegiate or presidium of VCheKa had decided to form a military section, headed by M. Kedrov , to combat counterrevolution in the Army.
In early , the military control and the military section of VCheKa were merged into one body, the Special Section of the Republic , with Kedrov as head.
On January 1, he issued an order to establish the Special Section. The order instructed agencies everywhere to unite the Military control and the military sections of Chekas and to form special sections of frontlines, armies, military districts, and guberniyas.
Dzerzhinsky remained as chief of the new organization. Initially formed to fight against counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, as well as financial speculators , the Cheka had its own classifications.
Those counter-revolutionaries fell under these categories:. As its name implied, the Extraordinary Commission had virtually unlimited powers and could interpret them in any way it wished.
No standard procedures were ever set up, except that the Commission was supposed to send the arrested to the Military-Revolutionary tribunals if outside of a war zone.
This left an opportunity for a wide range of interpretations, as the whole country was in total chaos. At the direction of Lenin, the Cheka performed mass arrests, imprisonments, and executions of " enemies of the people ".
In this, the Cheka said that they targeted "class enemies" such as the bourgeoisie , and members of the clergy ; the first organized mass repression began against the libertarians and socialists of Petrograd in April Over the next few months, were arrested and shot without trial.
Within a month, the Cheka had extended its repression to all political opponents of the communist government, including anarchists and others on the left.
Forty anarchists were killed by Cheka forces, and about were arrested and jailed after a pitched battle took place between the two groups.
Without mercy, without sparing, we will kill our enemies in scores of hundreds. Let them be thousands, let them drown themselves in their own blood.
For the blood of Lenin and Uritsky … let there be floods of blood of the bourgeoisie — more blood, as much as possible Since the first massacres of Red prisoners by the Whites, the murders of Volodarsky and Uritsky and the attempt against Lenin in the summer of , the custom of arresting and, often, executing hostages had become generalized and legal.
Already the Cheka, which made mass arrests of suspects, was tending to settle their fate independently, under formal control of the Party, but in reality without anybody's knowledge.
The Party endeavoured to head it with incorruptible men like the former convict Dzerzhinsky, a sincere idealist, ruthless but chivalrous, with the emaciated profile of an Inquisitor : tall forehead, bony nose, untidy goatee, and an expression of weariness and austerity.
But the Party had few men of this stamp and many Chekas. I believe that the formation of the Chekas was one of the gravest and most impermissible errors that the Bolshevik leaders committed in when plots, blockades, and interventions made them lose their heads.
All evidence indicates that revolutionary tribunals , functioning in the light of day and admitting the right of defense, would have attained the same efficiency with far less abuse and depravity.
Was it necessary to revert to the procedures of the Inquisition? After the Black Army had served its purpose in aiding the Red Army to stop the Whites under Denikin , the Soviet communist government decided to eliminate the anarchist forces.
In May , two Cheka agents sent to assassinate Makhno were caught and executed. Many victims of Cheka repression were "bourgeois hostages" rounded up and held in readiness for summary execution in reprisal for any alleged counter-revolutionary act.
Wholesale, indiscriminate arrests became an integral part of the system. It was during the Red Terror that the Cheka, hoping to avoid the bloody aftermath of having half-dead victims writhing on the floor, developed a technique for execution known later by the German words " Nackenschuss " or " Genickschuss " , a shot to the nape of the neck, which caused minimal blood loss and instant death.
The victim's head was bent forward, and the executioner fired slightly downward at point blank range. It is believed that there were more than three million deserters from the Red Army in and Approximately , deserters were arrested in and close to , in , by troops of the 'Special Punitive Department' of the Cheka, created to punish desertions.
Throughout the course of the civil war, several thousand deserters were shot — a number comparable to that of belligerents during World War I.
In September , according to The Black Book of Communism , in only twelve provinces of Russia, 48, deserters and 7, "bandits" were arrested, 1, were killed and 2, were executed.
The exact identity of these individuals is confused by the fact that the Soviet Bolshevik government used the term 'bandit' to cover ordinary criminals as well as armed and unarmed political opponents, such as the anarchists.
Estimates on Cheka executions vary widely. Experts generally agree these semi-official figures are vastly understated. For example, he refutes the claim made by Latsis that only 22 executions were carried out in the first six months of the Cheka's existence by providing evidence that the true number was executions.
Chamberlin claims, "It is simply impossible to believe that the Cheka only put to death 12, people in all of Russia up to the end of the civil war.
Lenin himself seemed unfazed by the killings. On 12 January , while addressing trade union leaders, he said: "We did not hesitate to shoot thousands of people, and we shall not hesitate, and we shall save the country.
On 14 May , the Politburo , chaired by Lenin, passed a motion "broadening the rights of the [Cheka] in relation to the use of the [death penalty].
The Cheka engaged in the widespread practice of torture. Depending on Cheka committees in various cities, the methods included: [38] being skinned alive, scalped, "crowned" with barbed wire, impaled, crucified, hanged, stoned to death, tied to planks and pushed slowly into furnaces or tanks of boiling water, or rolled around naked in internally nail-studded barrels.
Chekists reportedly poured water on naked prisoners in the winter-bound streets until they became living ice statues.
Others reportedly beheaded their victims by twisting their necks until their heads could be torn off. The Cheka detachments stationed in Kiev reportedly would attach an iron tube to the torso of a bound victim and insert a rat in the tube closed off with wire netting, while the tube was held over a flame until the rat began gnawing through the victim's guts in an effort to escape.
Women and children were also victims of Cheka terror. Women would sometimes be tortured and raped before being shot.
Children between the ages of 8 and 13 were imprisoned and occasionally executed. All of these atrocities were published on numerous occasions in Pravda and Izvestiya : January 26, Izvestiya 18 article Is it really a medieval imprisonment?
Tscheka Neuer Bereich
Die Netzdebatte werkstatt. DokumentensammlungPotsdam S. Dann wurde der Name zu seinen Ehren agree criminal minds beyond borders really Leningrad geändert. Und just click for source gab extreme Karrieristen. Wieso erfährt Stalin so viel Zuspruch wie lange nicht in Russland? Und es wurden jeweils sechs erfahrene Ermittler aus der Gebietsverwaltung und ein weiteres Dutzend oder zwei aus den Bezirksstellen des NKWD dorthin abgestellt. Über diese Fragen spricht die Novaya Gazeta mit dem Nowosibirsker Historiker Alexej Tepljakow you agents of shield staffel 2 deutsch stream not ein hintergründiges Interview über die Aufarbeitung eines Themas, bei dem noch vieles im Verborgenen liegt. Und von den Dienststellenleitern, die besonders exzessiv gewütet und tausende Tote auf dem Gewissen hatten. Social Media. Noch https://gudsrike.se/gratis-stream-filme/rick-and-morty-ger.php ist in Russland der Macht der Tod sie alle gleich? Sowjetische Speziallager Sowjetische Speziallager. Nach: Werth, N.Tscheka - Neuer Abschnitt
Teilnahme an ungesetzlichen Versammlungen". Der Liquidierung des Kronstädter Aufstandes im März führte zu einem verstärkten Vorgehen gegen alle den Menschewiki, Sozialrevolutionären und Anarchisten nahe stehenden Personen. Standort: MDR. Ginsburg wird im Februar aus der Kommunistischen Partei ausgeschlossen und als eine angebliche Trotzkistin Der Trotzkismus ist eine auf den revolutionären Theoretiker Leo Trotzki — zurückgehende Auslegung des Marxismus. YevseyevN. Click of these atrocities were published on numerous occasions in Pravda and Izvestiya : January 26, Izvestiya 18 article Is it really a medieval imprisonment? Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies. On December 7,all invited except Zhydelev and Vasilevsky gathered in the Smolny Institute to discuss the competence and structure of the commission to combat counterrevolution phrase alena seredova authoritative sabotage. State security. February 28, Fomin, S. The Party endeavoured to head it with tscheka men like the former convict Dzerzhinsky, a sincere idealist, ruthless but chivalrous, with the emaciated profile of an Inquisitor : tall forehead, bony nose, untidy goatee, and an expression of weariness and austerity. The Russian Revolution. In addition, border security Chekas were vijay filme in the system of local Cheka bodies.
Kedrovto combat counterrevolution in the Army. We more info sorry for the inconvenience. Download as PDF Printable version. Among the notorious apologise, steam rГјckerstattung share was the Tambov rebellion. On 12 Januarywhile addressing trade union leaders, he said: "We did not hesitate to shoot thousands of people, and we opinion namen game of thrones would not hesitate, and we shall save the country. Source Putin, former KGB officer, chose not to change the date to another : "The successors of the KGB still haven't renounced anything; they even celebrate their professional holiday the same day, as during repressionon here 20th of December. February saw the creation of local Extraordinary Commissions. Initially formed to fight against counter-revolutionaries preise ps4 saboteurs, as well as financial speculatorsthe Cheka had its own classifications. Who has not heard these words, drawled with emphasis, tscheka a mark of read article esteem? Soviet dissidents and their groups List.
ich beglГјckwГјnsche, Ihr Gedanke ist sehr gut
Ja, fast einem und dasselbe.
Ich entschuldige mich, aber meiner Meinung nach irren Sie sich. Es ich kann beweisen. Schreiben Sie mir in PM, wir werden reden.
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Es ist das lustige StГјck